Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Transport

Many factors affect the range of an electric vehicle: speed, driving style and ambient temperature can reduce the range of a full charge. Cold weather poses two main problems for electric vehicles: cold air limits battery performance, and the robo-heater significantly drains the battery. Studies have shown that 21.5 degrees is the optimal temperature for the operation of an electric car battery. Because an average of 21.5 degrees Celsius is the most optimal temperature when it comes to the range of an electric car. This actually prolongs its operation. At 21.5 degrees, the electric car's temperature system does not work, so energy is used for its movement. At -20°C, an electric car loses an average of 50% of its battery charge range. At -10 – 40%, at 0 – 20%. When the temperature is +10o C, the real driving distance of the electric car corresponds to 100% charging of the battery. At +21 o C, the real distance can be increased to 15%. When it is +40oC, the performance of the battery drops significantly to 80%, and the rate of charge rapidly decreases as the temperature increases. The energy consumption of electric vehicles is largely influenced by weather factors. Studies have shown the influence of ambient temperature and wind speed on energy consumption. The results show that at low speeds (30 km/h) the relative influence of ambient temperature is extremely high. The lowest energy consumption is achieved at a temperature of 20° C. At higher speeds (130 km/h), the relative influence of the temperature of the external environment is much lower. It has been proven that 21.5 degrees is the optimal ambient temperature for the operation of an electric car battery during operation, a decrease or increase in temperature leads to a decrease in the efficiency of electric car operation

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